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Objective To evaluate the construction effect of a national comprehensive prevention and control demonstration area for chronic diseases in a banner county in Inner Mongolia, and to provide a scientific basis for deepening the construction of the demonstration area and improving the formulation of chronic disease prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Using the chronic disease nutrition monitoring data of residents aged 18 and over in a banner county in Inner Mongolia in 2015 and 2018, the prevalence, awareness, and management and treatment rates of the main chronic diseases of residents with different characteristics, as well as the changes in healthy behaviors and lifestyles were compared and analyzed. SPSS25.0 software was used for data analysis. The classification variables were mainly described by rate and composition ratio. The comparison of rates of various indicators between the two years was performed using 2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze statistical correlation between the continuous construction of the demonstration area from 2015 to 2018 and the various indicators. The test level was α=0.05. Results In 2015 and 2018, 621 and 600 residents aged 18 and above were investigated respectively. The prevalence of diabetes (8.17%) and the prevalence of dyslipidemia (28.13%) of residents in the demonstration area in 2018 were lower than those in the demonstration area in 2015 (12.08% and54.91%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In 2018, the diabetes awareness rate (71.43%), diabetes treatment rate (71.43%), diabetes management rate (38.78%), and dyslipidemia awareness rate (51.50%) of residents in the demonstration area were higher than those in the demonstration area in 2015 (42.67%, 42.67%, 13.33%, and 31.09%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In 2018, the current smoking rate (20.83%) of residents in the demonstration area, the drinking rate within one year (31.67%), insufficient intake of fresh vegetables (51.00%), and excessive intake of edible salt (47.83%) were all lower than those of residents in the demonstration area in 2015 (30.43%, 45.57%, 71.18%, and 78.42%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the continuous construction of the demonstration area was statistically correlated with dyslipidemia (OR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.24-0.39), diabetes awareness (OR=3.92, 95%CI: 1.68-9.12), diabetes treatment (OR=4.53, 95%CI:1.75-11.70), diabetes management (OR=5.82, 95%CI: 1.94-17.52), awareness of dyslipidemia (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.04-2.38), current smoking (OR=0.60, 95%CI:0.44-0.82), drinking within one year (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.35-0.61), and insufficient intake of fresh vegetables (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.35-0.58). Conclusion The construction of a national demonstration zone for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases can significantly reduce the prevalence of major chronic diseases among residents in a banner county in Inner Mongolia, improve the self-management level of patients with chronic diseases, and promote the development of healthy behaviors and lifestyles.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures to drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao, and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods:From 2019 to 2021, a full coverage surveillance was carried out in 1 146 villages in 7 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Qingdao, including the operation status of the water improvement and fluoride reduction project, the water fluoride content in the villages, and the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children aged 8-12 years.Results:From 2019 to 2021, all the 1 146 affected villages in Qingdao had improved their water supply, and the rates of water fluoride exceeding the standard were 7.16% (82/1 146), 1.40% (16/1 146) and 3.84% (44/1 146), respectively, and the differences between years were statistically significant (χ 2 = 48.36, P < 0.001). The detection rates of dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years were 3.11% (803/25 856), 2.68% (629/23 460) and 3.00% (655/21 846), respectively, and the differences between years were statistically significant (χ 2 = 8.26, P = 0.016). The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in villages with qualified water fluoride (2.85%, 1 986/69 565) was lower than that in villages with excessive water fluoride (6.32%, 101/1 597), with a statistically significant difference (χ 2 = 67.74, P < 0.001). Conclusions:From 2019 to 2021, the effect of prevention and control measures to drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao is significant and the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children is low, the detection rate of dental fluorosis in villages with qualified water fluoride is significantly lower than that in villages with excessive water fluoride. In the future, we should continue to strengthen water fluoride monitoring and engineering maintenance to ensure that the water fluoride content continues to be qualified and effectively reduce the harm of fluorosis.
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Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics, related factors and prevention and control effects of COVID-19 in Zaoyang City, and to provide references for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the future. Methods Data on cases and their close contacts was collected using survey questionnaires. The data was summarized and the relevant factors were statistically analyzed with SPSS17.0. Results A total of 194 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in Zaoyang City, including 4 deaths. The reported incidence was 17.13/100,000, and the case mortality rate was 2.06%. The onset of the first case to the last case lasted for 35 days. The peak incidence of local cases occurred 3-5 days after the peak of the imported cases. The average age of onset was 45.40 years, and the proportion of people aged 60 years and above was 16.49%. 46.39% of the cases had travel history in Wuhan and 27.32% had contact history back in Zaoyang. Among the close contacts, the incidence of the disease was highest between husband and wife as well as parents and children. There was no statistical significance in the incidence rate between those who traveled in a private car from Wuhan to Zaoyang with cases in the incubation period and those who did not. The cough rate of the first case in the family was significantly higher in cluster cases than that in sporadic cases. After the implementation of strict closed management, the course of the disease before admission was shortened by 2.2d, and the breakthrough cases accounted for only 12.50% of the local cases. Conclusion A history of living in Wuhan and a history of returning to Zaoyang with exposure were major risk factors. Family prevention could effectively reduce the incidence of the disease. Cases with cough symptoms were more likely to cause cluster outbreaks. The prevention and control measures in Zaoyang City are scientific, timely and accurate, which effectively controlled the occurrence of local cases.
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Objective:To investigate the prevention and control effect of hand， foot and mouth disease （HFMD） after entervirus （EV） 71 vaccine immunization， evaluate economic benefit of EV71 vaccine immunization，and provide evidence for developing HFMD vaccine immunization strategies． Methods:Descriptive analysis was performed on comparing epidemiological characteristics of HFMD before and after EV71 vaccine immunization. Cost-benefit analysis was conducted， in which disease burden of HFMD， coverage of EV71 vaccine immunization， and costs of EV71 vaccine immunization were collected to evaluate the benefit-cost ratio （BCR）. Results:The average incidence of HFMD was 202.17/10 million from 2017 to 2018， which decreased by 43.8% compared with the average of the previous six years（χ2 = 395.49，P<0.05）； the average proportion of severe case decreased by 88.7%（χ2=40.84，P<0.05）. The prevalence of EV71 in the outpatients from 2017 to 2018 were 2.56%（18/704）， which decreased by 88.7% compared with the previous six years（χ2=124.74，P<0.05）. The severe and fatal cases were mainly caused by EV71 （84.5% -100.0%）. The average cost of EV 1 vaccine immunization was RMB 526， which was approximately 30.2% of the average cost of HFMD diagnosis and treatment. Coverage of EV71 vaccine was 40.12% from 2017 to 2018 in Minhang. The total costs of EV71 vaccination in Minghang from 2016 to 2018 was 174.89 million RMB. It was estimated that EV71 vaccination strategies had prevented 2 491 outpatients， 232 ordinary inpatients and 54 severe cases. The BCR was determined to be 0.35∶1. Conclusion:EV71 vaccine may reduce the incidence of HFMD， the incidence of severe cases， and the disease burden. It is highly recommended to reduce the immunization costs to increase the immunization coverage.